GRANT
journal
ISSN 1805-062X, 1805-0638 (online), ETTN 072-11-00002-09-4
EUROPEAN GRANT PROJECTS | RESULTS | RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT | SCIENCE
Accuracy Verification of Glass Kilnforming Process after Improvement by
DOE
Vladimír Sojka
Petr Lepšík
1
2
1
Technical University of Liberec, Department of Design of Machine Elements and Mechanisms; Studentská 1402/2, Liberec, Czech
Republic; vladimir.sojka@tul.cz
2
Technical University of Liberec, Department of Design of Machine Elements and Mechanisms; Studentská 1402/2, Liberec, Czech
Republic; petr.lepsik@tul.cz
Grant: SGS-2020-5027
Název grantu: Research of new approaches to process improvement
Oborové zaměření: JP - Průmyslové procesy a zpracování
© GRANT Journal, MAGNANIMITAS Assn.
Abstract DOE (Design of Experiment) is a great tool for the
reduction of the number of setting attempts to a minimum. Setting
up complex processes can be time-consuming and lots of attempts
are often made until a demanded result is achieved. That is why
DOE is a good tool for the improvement of glass kilnforming
processes. After the DOE is applied to the process to find the
equation for the determination of parameters to set up the process.
There should be considered the accuracy of this method. Results
from the regression equation and real output are not the same. For
preventing defects by misunderstanding accuracy of setting, the
accuracy of the regression equation should be known. This paper
deals with verification measurements after the application of DOE
on the case study of setting up a glass kilnforming process.
Keywords DOE, kilnforming, verification
1.
INTRODUCTION
Glass kilnforming manufacturing is a very complex process. The
technology of kilnforming allows us to produce a high variety of
different products, which is beneficial for art or custom production.
When there is a demand for precise shapes and dimensions with
repeatable results, too many custom products. Problems with re-
setting up of process parameters occur. Glass properties are hard to
predict and in combination with many process parameters, it can
lead to lots of failures during often attempts to re-setup the
kilnforming process. The solution for that can be the use of DOE
(Design of Experiment) to describe the process more precisely. DOE
was used for many complex systems before, for example [1], [2],
and [3]. The use of DOE on a practice example of glass kilnforming
was described in [4].
This paper aims to a description of the accuracy of results after the
DOE application. For that, the same case as in [4] is used.
2.
BACKGROUND
2.1
Glass kilnforming
Glass forming or glass kinlforming is an umbrella term for glass
manufacturing techniques in the kiln. It contains techniques and
methods as glass fusing, glass slumping, or kiln casting. Glass
slumping is a method when a glass plate is shaped by gravitation
and heat in the kiln. The shape is defined by mold under glass plate
[5]. Glass fusing is when several glass parts are fused together. This
could be combined with glass slumping when the glass plate
changing its shape by mold and at the same time it is fused with
different glass particles [6], and [7]. For both methods, temperature
and time are crucial parameters of the forming process.
2.2
DOE (Design of Experiment)
DOE (Design of Experiment) is a statistical method for the
description of complex systems. If a mathematical model cannot be
applied DOE can be used for the understanding of the system and its
parameters. An experiment is compound from a set of tries or runs,
where the main goal is to find the best set of process parameters to
achieve demanded results. The goal can be to maximize or minimize
output or get to a specific value. The Design of Experiment is an
experiment with a plan. The procedure of an experiment is well
organized to get a minimum of runs and preserve the quality of the
gained information. One of the goals of the Design of Experiment is
to find factors that have a significant effect on the outcome of the
process. There is also a need to find connections between factors
and their effects. The second goal of the Design of Experiment is to
find optimal values of factors to get the required level of response.
The Design of Experiment is good for processes without a
mathematical or physically-technical model. The plan of the
experiment is setting: number of runs, conditions of each run, and
order of runs. For the reduction of systematic mistakes, all runs must
be done in randomized order. For the reduction of mistakes by
measurements can be doubled the measurement in one try. When it
is impossible to do all runs in one day or with constant conditions of
the experiment, all runs can be divided into blocs. Blocs are
Vol. 9, Issue 1
114