GRANT
journal
ISSN 1805-062X, 1805-0638 (online), ETTN 072-11-00002-09-4
EUROPEAN GRANT PROJECTS | RESULTS | RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT | SCIENCE
It is necessary to determine the deformation meshing teeth in fact, ie
deformation of teeth pair that you can imagine and illustrate two
ways (Fig.3-b)-c)). Figure 3 - b) shows a pair of teeth than in non-
loaded aspect are contact at point X on the line of contact
τ
B
. The
profiles meshing teeth are deformed after loading. The deformed
teeth profiles intersect the line of contact at points X
1
and X
2
. The
total deformation of the pair of teeth we can then determined as the
sum of the deformation of both teeth
δ
1
and
δ
2
. Figure 3 - c) shows
a pair of teeth than in non-loaded aspect are contact at point X´ on
the line of contact
τ
B
. The deformed teeth profiles intersect the line
of contact at points X
1
and X
2
, because one of wheel gears is was
fixated (restrained). The total deformation of one pair of meshing
teeth determine by equation (1).
1
b
1
2
b
2
1
b
1
2
1
r
r
r
⋅
ϕ
=
⋅
ϕ
+
⋅
ϕ
=
δ
+
δ
=
δ
δ
δ
δ
(1)
Gear teeth are deformed due to the load. Deformation of teeth is
usually expressed quantitatively by stiffness gearing. Periodic
changes in the stiffness tooth mesh, caused by changes in the
number of pairs of teeth, which are also mesh in a significant noise
impact on teeth [7, 8]. One of the ways to specify the tooth stiffness
is calculated using the total deformation gearing.
In general the resulting stiffness c defined by equation (2):
∑
=
=
p
p
c
w
c
δ
, p = I, II [N/mm.
μm]
(2)
where
w - load across the width of the teeth [N/mm],
where
II
I
w
w
w
+
=
w
I
w
- load across the width of the first pair of teeth,
II
δ - resulting deformation [μm].
- load across the width of the second pair of teeth,
The resulting stiffness the teeth equal to the sum of partial stiffness
of pairs of teeth, which are mesh. The stiffness of each pair of teeth
is calculated according to equation (3) to final stiffness of a pair of
teeth:
2
1
1
1
1
c
c
c
p
+
=
(3)
where
c
p
c
-
resulting stiffness of a pair of teeth [N/mm.μm],
1/2
2
/
1
2
/
1
/
δ
=w
c
- stiffness of each tooth to which it applies
[N/mm.μm].
The stiffness of the individual tooth tooth pairs varies along the path
of engagement [9, 10]. The course of stiffness as well as the
corresponding deformation of one pair of straight gears is shown in
Fig. 4-a). The maximum single-
pair gear stiffness is denoted c΄ in
the middle of the engagement length, and its t
ypical value is c΄ = 14
to 16 N
/mm.μm for single-pair engagement for spur gears.
a)
b)
Fig. 4 The course of single-pair stiffness and deformation of gearing
The stiffness is individual pairs of teeth in the mesh by changing the
length of the engaging line.
Since the involute tooth of spur gear has a complex shape, the
theoretical determination of the deformation the tooth is a difficult.
The existing experimental techniques are based on static deflection
measurements gearing loaded of constant force or seismic
measurement deviations at slow rotation. Recently we can meet with
modern numerical methods, such as finite element method (FEM),
which can serve as one of the methods for the determination of
deformation gearing [11 - 13]. As the basis for calculating the
stiffness of gearing results serve deformation analysis examined
gearing solved by FEM.
Create a geometric model of the gear is considered the first step to
deal with tooth deformation FEM. Universal user to create geometry
computer model does not exist. In this case, the geometric model
has been created a combined method. The final shape of 2D was by
created in program AutoCAD. 3D model of examined the spur gear
with straight teeth was by created in program COSMOS/M as
editing from the 2D model. To determine the computer model for
studying deformation of the teeth using FEM was necessary to
determine the material constants, define the type of finite element,
and selecting appropriate boundary conditions (geometry and
power).
We will focus on the value of the total deformation in the direction
of action forces. To determine the deformation of gearing under load
is necessary to know the apportionment of the load on each gearing
pairs with two pairs meshing. At the beginning was considered with
the simplest, ideal load apportionment. The load for the two pairs
meshing is divided by half for each couple of teeth in the meshing.
Fig. 5 Course of tooth stiffness
To determine the resulting deformation of the teeth is necessary to
determine the deformation of individual pairs. In Figure 5 shows the
Vol. 9, Issue 1
112