GRANT
journal
ISSN 1805-062X, 1805-0638 (online), ETTN 072-11-00002-09-4
EUROPEAN GRANT PROJECTS | RESULTS | RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT | SCIENCE
Application of glued joints in passenger cars
Silvia Maláková
1
1
Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Letná 9, Košice, Slovensko; email: silvia.malakova@tuke.sk
Grant: VEGA 1/0154/19
Název grantu: Research of the combined technologies of joining dissimilar materials for automotive industry.
Oborové zaměření: JR - Other machinery industry
© GRANT Journal, MAGNANIMITAS Assn.
Abstrakt Gluing is a technological process in which an inseparable
connection of two or more parts from the same or different materials
is created using another material - an adhesive. This joining
technology is increasingly appearing in the automotive industry. The
automotive industry is a decisive industry and a driving force for the
development of the Slovak economy. Glued joints appear in the
automotive industry in many types, both in terms of functional stress
and in terms of design. Gluing of metals allows us to lighten
structural systems. The great advantage of gluing technology is that
it eliminates the formation of electrolytic corrosion between two
different metals and dampens the vibration of the structure. Bonding
is also cheaper than soldering and welding. There is advantages of
using glued joints in the automotive industry and solution of the
problem of strength calculation of these bonded joints in this paper.
Key words Automotive industry, gluing, strength calculation
1.
INTRODUCTION
Gluing technology has been known for several millennia. For
example, mud or resin was used as the adhesive. The first proven
use of glue dates back to 4000 BC, when archaeologists who, when
examining historic burial sites, found disturbed pottery that had been
glued with resin from tree juices. In the period 1500 - 1000 BC, glue
became mainly a method of assembly. In ancient Egypt, they used
glue to artificially decorate wooden products. The Babylonians, in
turn, connected the stone structures with bitumen, and the Romans
glued their ships together with a mixture of tar and beeswax. In the
Middle Ages, the production of adhesives of animal origin
developed [1-3]. People used bones, leather, starch, cottage cheese
or rubber as binders.
The first commercial glue factory was opened in the Netherlands in
1700 and used animal skin as the main raw material. The great
turning point came with the industrial revolution, when new
materials were used to make the glue and synthetic glue was created.
The first polymer synthesized was nitrocellulose.
Around 1965, other aircraft manufacturers switched to gluing
technology and began to apply it to a greater extent in other
industries as well [4, 5]. Today, adhesives are part of almost every
industry. Gluing technology can currently be found, for example, in
construction, aviation or healthcare, and last but not least in the
automotive industry, where adhesives are used not only to glue body
parts, but also to seal and dampen vibrations [6]. At present,
adhesives are produced exactly according to the customer's
requirements and it would be difficult to find a field where it would
not be used. The great advantage of gluing technology is that it
eliminates the formation of electrolytic corrosion between two
different metals and dampens the vibration of the structure. Gluing
is also cheaper than soldering and welding [7 - 9].
Gluing also has disadvantages, which include a demanding
modification of the contact surfaces, the susceptibility of joints to
creep under long-term stress at higher temperatures [10]. Metals are
gas-impermeable materials, characterized by good adhesion
properties and high heat resistance which allows the application of
adhesives at normal and elevated temperatures.
By using the bonding technology we avoid these problems and we
can take advantage of the many advantages it offers in the
automotive industry. Such as the possibility of new assembly
procedures, reduction of the resulting weight of the car, preservation
of the protective layer of zinc, higher strength and rigidity of the
body, high quality of appearance of the parts to be joined and
substantial reduction of noise in the car body [11].
This paper gives an overview of the advantages of using glued joints
in the automotive industry. It is devoted to the problem of strength
calculation of these bonded joints.
2.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GLUED JOINTS
The theory of gluing (adhesive bonding of parts) is based on the
relationships of molecules and their interaction. According to the
latest findings, it is necessary to assign relationships resulting from
non-molecular structure. Adhesion is related to the molecular
structure. Physical forces, chemical bonds and intermolecular forces
will continue to be applied [12].
It is difficult to create mutual attraction between two solid materials
without the use of glue, as these materials would have to approach
each other at a molecular distance and would have to be completely
straight, parallel and free of all impurities. Therefore, an adhesive in
the form of a liquid substance is used to induce this mutual
attraction between the solid materials. The result is a non-detachable
joint, which uses adhesive forces between the adhesive and the
material and the actual cohesion of the adhesive [13, 14].
Advantages of glued joints:
Vol. 9, Issue 1
106